{"id":103531,"date":"2024-10-09T07:00:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T07:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/?p=103531"},"modified":"2024-10-09T07:00:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T07:00:09","slug":"2024-nobel-fizik-odulu-yapay-zekanin-babalarina-gitti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/2024\/10\/09\/2024-nobel-fizik-odulu-yapay-zekanin-babalarina-gitti\/","title":{"rendered":"2024 Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, yapay zekan\u0131n “babalar\u0131na” gitti"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span> \u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilimler Akademisi’nde d\u00fczenlenen bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, 2024 Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>‘n\u00fcn sahipleri a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc makine \u00f6\u011freniminin temellerini atan<\/strong> iki bilim insan\u0131, Toronto \u00dcniversitesi emekli profes\u00f6r\u00fc Geoffrey Hinton<\/strong> ve Princeton \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6r\u00fc John Hopfield<\/strong>, fizik dal\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/figure>\n

Nobel komitesi, iki bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015fiflerinin ve icatlar\u0131n\u0131n yapay zeka alan\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok son geli\u015fmenin temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu<\/strong> s\u00f6yledi. Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, 1980’lerden bu yana, beynin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinden modellenen bilgisayar mimarisi olan yapay sinir a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n <\/strong>olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sinir a\u011flar\u0131, beyinlerimizin ba\u011flant\u0131 kurma bi\u00e7imini taklit ederek, yapay zeka ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n esasen \u00f6rneklerden \u00f6\u011frenmesine olanak tan\u0131yor.\u00a0Geli\u015ftiriciler, yapay sinir a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k kal\u0131plar\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in veriyle besleyerek e\u011fitebiliyor. Bu y\u00f6ntem, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dil \u00fcretiminden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc tan\u0131maya kadar uzanan yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n en \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor.<\/p>\n

John Hopfield ve Geoffrey Hinton kimdir?<\/b><\/p>\n

John Hopfield, 15 Temmuz 1933’te ABD’nin Illinois eyaletinde do\u011fdu. California Teknoloji \u00dcniversitesinde (Caltech) 1986’da kurulan Hesaplama ve Sinir Sistemleri doktora program\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan biri olan Hopfield, 2022’de istatistiksel fizik alan\u0131nda Boltzmann Madalyas\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc Deepak Dhar ile payla\u015ft\u0131. Hopfield \u015fu anda, Princeton \u00dcniversitesinde Molek\u00fcler Biyoloji Profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Ya\u015fam Bilimleri Profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Geoffrey Hinton, 6 Aral\u0131k 1947’de \u0130ngiltere’nin ba\u015fkenti Londra’da do\u011fdu. \u0130ngiliz-Kanadal\u0131 bilgisayar bilimcisi yapay sinir a\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tan\u0131n\u0131rken, bilim camias\u0131nda “Yapay Zekan\u0131n Babas\u0131”<\/strong> unvan\u0131 ile an\u0131l\u0131yor. Hinton, 2018’de Yoshua Bengio ve Yann LeCun ile “Bilgisayar\u0131n Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc” olarak an\u0131lan Turing \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’<\/strong>n\u00fc ald\u0131. 2023’e kadar Google’da (Google Brain) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Hinton, May\u0131s 2023’te yapay zeka teknolojisinin riskleri hakk\u0131ndaki endi\u015felerini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Google’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kamuoyuna duyurdu. Hinton, Toronto \u00dcniversitesinde Bilgisayar Bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hopfield ve Hinton’un yapay zekaya katk\u0131lar\u0131 neler?<\/b><\/p>\n

Nobel komitesi, Hinton’\u0131 1980’lerde meslekta\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte Boltzmann makinesi<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcretken bir model geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in takdir etti:<\/p>\n

“Hinton, bir\u00e7ok benzer bile\u015fenden olu\u015fturulmu\u015f sistemlerin bilimi olan istatistiksel fizikten ara\u00e7lar kulland\u0131. Makine, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan \u00f6rneklerle beslenerek e\u011fitilir. Boltzmann makinesi, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak veya e\u011fitildi\u011fi model t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni \u00f6rneklerini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Hinton, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 temel alarak makine \u00f6\u011freniminin \u015fu anki patlay\u0131c\u0131 geli\u015fimini ba\u015flatmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.”<\/p>\n

Hinton’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcl alan meslekta\u015f\u0131 John Hopfield’\u0131n modelleri yeniden olu\u015fturabilen yapay bir sinir a\u011f\u0131 olan Hopfield a\u011f\u0131na<\/strong> dayan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“Hopfield a\u011f\u0131, her atomu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir m\u0131knat\u0131s yapan bir \u00f6zellik olan atomik spininden dolay\u0131 bir malzemenin \u00f6zelliklerini tan\u0131mlayan fizi\u011fi kullan\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131n tamam\u0131, fizikte bulunan spin sistemindeki enerjiye e\u015fde\u011fer bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve kaydedilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjiye sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in de\u011ferler bulunarak e\u011fitilir. Hopfield a\u011f\u0131na bozuk veya eksik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc verildi\u011finde, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve de\u011ferlerini g\u00fcnceller, b\u00f6ylece a\u011f\u0131n enerjisi d\u00fc\u015fer. A\u011f b\u00f6ylece, beslendi\u011fi kusurlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye en \u00e7ok benzeyen kaydedilmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc bulmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n

Kaynak\u00a0 :\u00a0https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/2024-nobel-fizik-odulu-yapay-zekanin-babalarina-gitti–182863<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilimler Akademisi’nde d\u00fczenlenen bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, 2024 Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn sahipleri a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc makine \u00f6\u011freniminin temellerini atan iki bilim insan\u0131, Toronto \u00dcniversitesi emekli profes\u00f6r\u00fc Geoffrey Hinton ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103532,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[3357,2849,6782,671,1845],"class_list":["post-103531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-agi","tag-bilim","tag-hinton","tag-odul","tag-yapay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103531"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103534,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103531\/revisions\/103534"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}