{"id":69316,"date":"2024-07-24T07:48:07","date_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/?p=69316"},"modified":"2024-07-24T07:48:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:48:07","slug":"dunyanin-erimeye-dayanikli-ilk-nukleer-reaktoru-gelistirildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/2024\/07\/24\/dunyanin-erimeye-dayanikli-ilk-nukleer-reaktoru-gelistirildi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n erimeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ilk n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fc geli\u015ftirildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span> N\u00fckleer santraller<\/strong> her ne kadar temiz bir enerji \u00fcretse de i\u00e7erlerinde bulunan reakt\u00f6rlerin neden oldu\u011fu at\u0131klar \u00e7evresel kirlili\u011fe neden olabiliyor. Dahas\u0131 ekstrem durumlarda reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn so\u011futma sisteminin ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 sonucu reakt\u00f6r \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t\u0131n erimesi ve radyoaktif madde s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 da en tehlikeli senaryolardan birisi. Ancak \u00c7in<\/strong>\u2019de acil bir durumda kendini pasif olarak so\u011futmak<\/strong> \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f erimeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk tam \u00f6l\u00e7ekli uygulamas\u0131nda<\/strong> ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131larak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/figure>\n

Erimeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ilk n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer fisyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda, elektrik \u00fcretiminde yararl\u0131 olan ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda reaksiyon i\u00e7in bir risk olu\u015fturan b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda \u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu nedenle n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 reaksiyondan uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran dahili so\u011futma mekanizmalar\u0131na sahiptir. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir mekanizma olmazsa reakt\u00f6r a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nabilir ve hatta patlayabilir. Son olarak benzer bir so\u011futma mekanizmas\u0131 ar\u0131zas\u0131 2011<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda Fukushima<\/strong> n\u00fckleer santralinde olmu\u015f ve erime ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti. Bu erimenin etkileri ise her a\u00e7\u0131dan bir felaketti.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 o zamandan bu yana pasif olarak so\u011futulan ve do\u011fal so\u011futma y\u00f6ntemlerini kullanan bir n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r in\u015fa etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ilk meyvesini ise \u00c7in\u2019li bilim insanlar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f durumda. \u00c7in’deki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir n\u00fckleer enerji santrali, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bile tehlikeli erimelere kar\u015f\u0131 tamamen dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan d\u00fcnyadaki ilk n\u00fckleer santral olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda. Tasar\u0131m mevcut n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlere uyarlanam\u0131yor ancak ancak gelecektekiler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir se\u00e7enek olabilir.<\/p>\n

<\/span> \u00c7ak\u0131l yatakl\u0131 reakt\u00f6r (PBR)<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen nispeten yeni bir reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131m\u0131, pasif olarak g\u00fcvenli olmak gibi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaja sahip. Bu, so\u011futma sistemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybedilirse veya ba\u015fka bir ar\u0131za ya\u015fan\u0131rsa reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn kendi kendine g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde kapanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/figure>\n
<\/span> Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi y\u00fcksek enerji yo\u011funluklu yak\u0131t \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 kullanmak yerine, PBR’ler yak\u0131t olarak grafitle \u00e7evrili az miktarda uranyum<\/strong> i\u00e7eren \u00e7ok say\u0131da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji yo\u011funluklu \u201c\u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u201d kullan\u0131yorlar. Bu, n\u00fckleer reaksiyonun yava\u015flamas\u0131na ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara dayanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. <\/figure>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m iki \u00f6nemli avantaj getiriyor. Birincisi, n\u00fckleer fisyon reaksiyonunun geleneksel bir reakt\u00f6rden \u00e7ok daha yava\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor olmas\u0131 ve daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre dayanabilmesi. \u0130kinci avantaj\u0131 ise s\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca \u00fcretilen fazla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f bir yak\u0131t alan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iletim ve konveksiyon gibi pasif veya enerji t\u00fcketmeyen y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131larak so\u011futulabilmesi.<\/p>\n

Test ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> Almanya ve \u00c7in’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck prototip reakt\u00f6rler in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olsa da, \u015fimdiye kadar hi\u00e7bir tam \u00f6l\u00e7ekli PBR’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pasif olarak g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015fti. \u00c7in’deki Tsinghua \u00dcniversitesi bilim insanlar\u0131 ise sistemin tam \u00f6l\u00e7ekli<\/strong> olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Shandong’daki High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (Y\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 Gaz So\u011futmal\u0131 Reakt\u00f6r \u00c7ak\u0131l Yatak Mod\u00fcl\u00fc \/ HTR-PM)<\/strong> adl\u0131 n\u00fckleer santralde g\u00f6sterdiler. \u0130kiz reakt\u00f6r<\/strong> tasar\u0131m\u0131na sahip olan bu tesiste \u00e7ekirdeklerin her biri 105 MW<\/strong> g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretebiliyor. <\/figure>\n
<\/span> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu t\u00fcrdeki ilk enerji santrali olan HTR-PM<\/strong>, 4. Nesil bir tasar\u0131m <\/strong>olarak kabul ediliyor. \u0130ki reakt\u00f6r 210 MW elektrik (210 MWe) \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in tek bir buhar t\u00fcrbinine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu arada her reakt\u00f6r 400.000’den fazla \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131 ile y\u00fckl\u00fc. Her bir \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131 60 mm \u00e7apa sahip ve her biri grafitle \u00e7evrili az miktarda uranyum-235 ile zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f durumda. Bununla birlikte rekt\u00f6rler anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (SMR- Small modular reactor \u2013 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mod\u00fcler reakt\u00f6r)<\/strong> yap\u0131da. Yani reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn kendisi bir fabrikada \u00fcretiliyor ve in\u015fa sahas\u0131na naklediliyor. <\/figure>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 elbette k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmedi. Tasar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak ilgili HTR-PM santralinin in\u015fas\u0131 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Aral\u0131k 2023′<\/strong>te ise tesis ticari olarak faaliyete ba\u015flad\u0131. Ekip sistemi test etmek i\u00e7in HTR-PM’nin her iki mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de tam g\u00fc\u00e7te \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kapatt\u0131<\/strong> ve reakt\u00f6r i\u00e7indeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k hareketlerini izlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 HTR-PM’nin do\u011fal olarak so\u011fudu\u011funu<\/strong> ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kesildikten sonra 35 saat<\/strong> i\u00e7inde sabit bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> tespit ettiler. Acil durum so\u011futma sistemi herhangi bir karma\u015f\u0131k teknolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funun da alt\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor.<\/p>\n\n

Kaynak\u00a0 :\u00a0https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/dunyanin-erimeye-dayanikli-ilk-nukleer-reaktoru-gelistirildi–179791<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fckleer santraller her ne kadar temiz bir enerji \u00fcretse de i\u00e7erlerinde bulunan reakt\u00f6rlerin neden oldu\u011fu at\u0131klar \u00e7evresel kirlili\u011fe neden olabiliyor. Dahas\u0131 ekstrem durumlarda reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn so\u011futma sisteminin ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 sonucu reakt\u00f6r …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[87,96,575,2372,1343],"class_list":["post-69316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-durum","tag-nukleer","tag-reaktor","tag-santral","tag-sogutma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69316"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69323,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69316\/revisions\/69323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/69317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}