{"id":71743,"date":"2024-07-28T06:36:04","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T06:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/?p=71743"},"modified":"2024-07-28T06:36:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T06:36:04","slug":"116inci-element-tarihi-bir-yontemle-sentezlendi-yeni-element-yapilacak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/2024\/07\/28\/116inci-element-tarihi-bir-yontemle-sentezlendi-yeni-element-yapilacak\/","title":{"rendered":"116’\u0131nc\u0131 element tarihi bir y\u00f6ntemle sentezlendi: Yeni element yap\u0131lacak"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span> ABD Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 Lawrence Berkeley Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131<\/strong>‘ndaki (Berkeley Lab) bilim insanlar\u0131, bilinen 118 elementten (92 tanesi do\u011fal) 16’s\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffine imza atmakla tan\u0131n\u0131yor. \u015eimdi ise potansiyel olarak ba\u015fka bir elementi yaratmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ve tarihi ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 tamamlad\u0131lar<\/strong>: Art\u0131k hedef, element 120<\/strong>! <\/figure>\n

Heder art\u0131k 120. element<\/b><\/p>\n

Berkeley Lab’\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, titanyum \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r element 116’y\u0131 sentezlediklerini<\/strong> ve bunun element 120’nin yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m oldu\u011funu duyurdu. Nuclear Structure 2024 konferans\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunulurken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da arXiv’de yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ekip, a\u011f\u0131r iyon h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 88 in\u00e7lik Siklotron’da (Cyclotron) 22 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/strong> sonucunda 116 numaral\u0131 elementin iki atomunu (livermoryum) ba\u015far\u0131yla sentezledi. 120. elementi \u00fcretebilmenin<\/strong> daha do\u011frusu olu\u015fturabilmenin ise 10 kat daha uzun<\/strong> s\u00fcrece\u011fi<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131 art\u0131k bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ve e\u011fer 120. elementi ke\u015ffedebilirlerse olu\u015fturulan en a\u011f\u0131r atom olarak periyodik tablonun sekizinci s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u015fimdiye kadar ke\u015ffedilen s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r elementler neredeyse an\u0131nda par\u00e7alan\u0131yor. Ancak proton ve n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n do\u011fru kombinasyonu daha uzun s\u00fcre hayatta kalan daha kararl\u0131 bir \u00e7ekirdeklere izin verebilir ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara incelemeleri i\u00e7in benzersiz bir durum sa\u011flayabilir. Bunlar son derece \u00f6nemli zira u\u00e7 noktalardaki elementleri ke\u015ffetmek, atomlar\u0131n nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sa\u011flayabilir, n\u00fckleer fizik modellerini test edebilir ve atom \u00e7ekirde\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r element yap\u0131m\u0131 tarifi<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r elementleri yapman\u0131n tarifi teoride olduk\u00e7a basit. \u0130stedi\u011finiz son atomda olmas\u0131 gereken proton say\u0131s\u0131na sahip iki daha hafif elementi birle\u015ftirmek yeterlidir. Bu asl\u0131nda temel matematik gibi bir \u015fey: 1+2=3.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, iki hafif element al\u0131p onlar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak daha a\u011f\u0131r bir element olu\u015fturursunuz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iki elementin proton say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda istedi\u011finiz s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r elementin proton say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n

<\/span> Ancak pratikte bu, inan\u0131lmaz derecede zordur. \u0130ki atomun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde birle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in trilyonlarca etkile\u015fim<\/strong> gerekebilir ve hangi elementlerin makul bir \u015fekilde par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131na veya hedefe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi konusunda s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar bulunuyor. Yani i\u015flemi yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da deneme gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca, her element par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 veya hedef olarak kullan\u0131lamaz, bu da i\u015flemi daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. <\/figure>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar genellikle \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve hedefleri i\u00e7in belirli izotoplar\u0131, ayn\u0131 say\u0131da protona ancak farkl\u0131 say\u0131da n\u00f6trona sahip elementlerin varyantlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7erler. En pratik a\u011f\u0131r hedef, 98 protona sahip olan kaliforniyum-249<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir izotoptur. Bu da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n 120. elementi \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in 20 protonlu kalsiyum-48<\/strong> demetini kullanamayacaklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bunun yerine, 22 protonlu bir atom demetine ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 var. Bu da titanyum<\/strong>, yani s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmayan bir \u015fey.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131 haftalar boyunca titanyum-50 izotopundan yeterince yo\u011fun bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fcretebileceklerini do\u011frulamak ve \u015fimdiye kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en a\u011f\u0131r element olan 116. elementi yapmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar. Bu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey<\/strong>. Dedi\u011fimiz gibi, 114 ila 118 aras\u0131ndaki elementler yaln\u0131zca, s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r elementler \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in hedef \u00e7ekirdeklerle kayna\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan kalsiyum-48 \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/p>\n

M\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

116. elementi yani livermorium\u2019u \u00fcretmek titanyum izotoplar\u0131ndan yeterince yo\u011fun bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n olu\u015fturmakla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan titanyum-50, do\u011fal titanyumun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 5’ini olu\u015fturan nadir bir izotoptur. Bu metal, ser\u00e7e parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir f\u0131r\u0131na konulur ve 1600 dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta titanyum buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, VENUS ad\u0131 verilen ve plazmay\u0131 hapseden karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcper iletken m\u0131knat\u0131s i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Plazmada serbest elektronlar, mikrodalgalarla enerji kazanarak titanyumun 22 elektronundan 12’sini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Y\u00fckl\u00fc hale gelen titanyum iyonlar\u0131, m\u0131knat\u0131slar yard\u0131m\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendiriliyor ve Cyclotron’da h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Ard\u0131ndan her saniye yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 trilyon titanyum iyonu, bir ka\u011f\u0131ttan daha ince ve \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6nen hedefe \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 operat\u00f6rleri, \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n enerji seviyesini hassas bir \u015fekilde ayarlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Zira yeterince enerji olmazsa izotoplar birle\u015fmez, fazla olursa titanyum hedefteki \u00e7ekirdekleri par\u00e7alayabilir. Bu zorlu i\u015flemler tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise istenilen nadir s\u00fcper a\u011f\u0131r element olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

120. element i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flayacak<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar element 120<\/strong>‘yi \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce hala yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken i\u015flerin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de art\u0131k gidilecek yol a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Zamanlama hen\u00fcz belirlenmedi ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar potansiyel olarak 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong> denemeye ba\u015flamay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Deney ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra 120. elementin ilk atomlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek ise birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrebilir<\/strong>. <\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00a0 :\u00a0https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/element-116-yeni-bir-yontemle-sentezlendi-yeni-element-yapilacak–179958<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 Lawrence Berkeley Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131’ndaki (Berkeley Lab) bilim insanlar\u0131, bilinen 118 elementten (92 tanesi do\u011fal) 16’s\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffine imza atmakla tan\u0131n\u0131yor. \u015eimdi ise potansiyel olarak ba\u015fka bir elementi yaratmak …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":71744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[4079,4077,112,4080,4078],"class_list":["post-71743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-atom","tag-element","tag-hedef","tag-proton","tag-titanyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71743"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71748,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71743\/revisions\/71748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}