{"id":72229,"date":"2024-07-29T07:00:05","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T07:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/?p=72229"},"modified":"2024-07-29T07:00:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T07:00:05","slug":"esnek-stellarator-fuzyon-tesisinin-kurulmasi-planlaniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/2024\/07\/29\/esnek-stellarator-fuzyon-tesisinin-kurulmasi-planlaniyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cEsnek\u201d stellarator f\u00fczyon tesisinin kurulmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span> Bir grup ABD\u2019li bilim insan\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olan bir stellarator<\/strong> (y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131) f\u00fczyon<\/strong> tesisi in\u015fa edilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. \u201cEsnek Stellarator Fizik Tesisi\u201d (Flexible Stellarator Physics Facility) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tesis, y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hapsine y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilip \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilemeyece\u011fini test edecek. Bu giri\u015fim, ABD\u2019nin f\u00fczyon yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019i ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. <\/figure>\n

\u00d6zellikle son 10 y\u0131lda f\u00fczyon enerjisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kapsaml\u0131 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7in, halihaz\u0131rda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve pilot tesisler noktas\u0131nda \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. F\u00fczyon cihazlar\u0131 olsa da ABD\u2019de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n teori ve konseptlerini test edebilecekleri planlanm\u0131\u015f ya da mevcut bir f\u00fczyon pilot tesisi bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Detaylara ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce f\u00fczyona dair baz\u0131 temel bilgileri verelim. F\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6rleri<\/strong>, y\u0131ld\u0131zlarda oldu\u011fu gibi atom \u00e7ekirdeklerinin birle\u015ferek daha a\u011f\u0131r bir \u00e7ekirdek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir enerji \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi konumunda. F\u00fczyon, hidrojen izotoplar\u0131 gibi hafif elementlerin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda bir araya gelerek helyum gibi daha a\u011f\u0131r elementlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, fisyonun tersi n\u00fckleer reaksiyondur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan enerji, n\u00fckleer fisyon (atomlar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r ve radyoaktif at\u0131k problemi \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r. F\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6rleri bu enerji \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini kontroll\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z<\/strong> olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 pozitif enerji \u00fcretimleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilse de halen tam kontroll\u00fc, s\u00fcrekli bir reaksiyon olu\u015fturulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD,\u00a0stellaratorler ile f\u00fczyonda \u00f6ne ge\u00e7meyi umuyor<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> Almanya’da bulunan stellarator (y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131) Wendelstein7-X.<\/em> <\/figure>\n

F\u00fczyon reaksiyonlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek cihazlar da t\u0131pk\u0131 n\u00fckleer fisyonda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Bunlar\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda tokamak, stellarator, basit ve ucuz f\u00fczyon konsepti Z-pinch cihazlar\u0131 geliyor. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 cihaz tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 da asl\u0131nda 1950\u2019lere kadar uzan\u0131yor. Tokamak<\/strong> (ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda en \u00e7ok tercih edilen) ve stellaratorler<\/strong>, plazmalar\u0131 manip\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in manyetik hapsetmeyi kullan\u0131yor. Aralar\u0131ndaki temel fark ise muhafaza kaplar\u0131n\u0131n geometrilerinde ve haliyle plazmay\u0131 hapseden manyetik alan\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funda yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu farkl\u0131 geometriler her yakla\u015f\u0131ma belirli bir avantaj sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Tokamaklar plazma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha etkili bir \u015fekilde korurken, stellaratorler plazman\u0131n kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamada daha iyi bir i\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 60\u2019dan fazla tokamak<\/strong> cihaz\u0131 bulunuyor. Fransa\u2019da in\u015fa edilmekte olan \u00e7ok uluslu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fc ITER\u2019de tokamak tercih ediliyor. Stellarator reakt\u00f6rler ise bir avu\u00e7<\/strong> kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span> \u015eimdi ise ABD\u2019li bilim insanlar\u0131, stellarator hapsinin nerede geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini ve nerede ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren teorik modellerin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini test edecek \u201cesnek bir tesis<\/strong>\u201d in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131 stellarator ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n halihaz\u0131rda ABD\u2019nin tokamak program\u0131na da de\u011ferli bilgiler sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar esnek stellarator tesisini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in iki a\u015famal\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6neriyorlar. \u201cKe\u015fif\u201d a\u015famas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan birinci a\u015fama, minimum t\u00fcrb\u00fclans ve optimize edilmi\u015f hapsetmeye yol a\u00e7acak manyetik konfig\u00fcrasyonu bulmaya odaklanacak. \u0130kinci a\u015famada ya da \u201cKullanma\u201d a\u015famas\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lacak. Bu a\u015fama ticari faaliyetlere odaklanacak. <\/figure>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar b\u00f6yle bir tesisin finansmana ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 6 ila 9 y\u0131lda kurulabilece\u011fini<\/strong> s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu tokamak cihazlar\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f olsa da dedi\u011fimiz gibi en b\u00fcy\u00fck proje olan ITER<\/strong>\u2019in faaliyete ge\u00e7i\u015finin bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce 2034\u2019e<\/strong>, yani orijinal \u00e7izelgenin 10 y\u0131l sonras\u0131na ertelenmi\u015f<\/strong> olmas\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilecek \u00e7ok \u015feyin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Tokamaklara alternatif olan stellarator reakt\u00f6rlerdeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma o y\u00fczden \u00e7ok de\u011ferli.<\/p>\n\n

Kaynak\u00a0 :\u00a0https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/esnek-stellarator-fuzyon-tesisinin-kurulmasi-planlaniyor–179983<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir grup ABD\u2019li bilim insan\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olan bir stellarator (y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131) f\u00fczyon tesisi in\u015fa edilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. \u201cEsnek Stellarator Fizik Tesisi\u201d (Flexible Stellarator Physics Facility) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tesis …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[227,3328,452,1389,2473],"class_list":["post-72229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-arastirma","tag-asama","tag-cihaz","tag-fuzyon","tag-tokamak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72229"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72234,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72229\/revisions\/72234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}