{"id":82074,"date":"2024-08-17T05:24:06","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T05:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/?p=82074"},"modified":"2024-08-17T05:24:06","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T05:24:06","slug":"yeni-bir-beyin-cipi-als-hastasinin-yeniden-konusmasini-sagladi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/2024\/08\/17\/yeni-bir-beyin-cipi-als-hastasinin-yeniden-konusmasini-sagladi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni bir beyin \u00e7ipi ALS hastas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><figure> <span> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/yeni-bir-beyin-cipi-als-hastasinin-yeniden-konusmasini-sagladi-0-mgVSxQwu.jpg\"\/> <\/span> Teknoloji, insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlama, \u015fekillendirme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme arzusunun somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f halidir. Teknoloji, do\u011fan\u0131n ham g\u00fc\u00e7lerini insan\u0131n hizmetine sunarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan\u0131n kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu ba\u011flamda bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>beyin-bilgisayar aray\u00fczleri<\/strong> (BCI) veya k\u0131saca <strong>beyin<\/strong> <strong>\u00e7ipleri<\/strong> bu tan\u0131ma belki de en do\u011fru \u015fekilde uyan cihazlar. Ve \u015fimdi, konu\u015fma yetisini kaybetmi\u015f bir adam, yeni bir beyin \u00e7ipi kullanarak <strong>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kendi sesiyle iletmeye<\/strong> <strong>ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong>. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, gelecekte \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck potansiyellerin oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. <\/figure>\n<p><b>\u0130leri ALS hastas\u0131 yeniden konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>UC Davis Health<\/strong>&#8216;te\u00a0<strong>Blackrock Neurotech<\/strong> ile birlikte geli\u015ftirilen yeni bir beyin-bilgisayar aray\u00fcz\u00fc (BCI), beyin sinyallerini <strong>y\u00fczde 97&#8217;ye varan do\u011frulukla<\/strong> konu\u015fmaya \u00e7evirebiliyor ve bu da onu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en do\u011fru sistemi yap\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (<strong>ALS<\/strong>) nedeniyle ciddi konu\u015fma bozuklu\u011fu olan bir hastan\u0131n beynine sens\u00f6rler yerle\u015ftirdi. Sistem aktive edildikten sadece dakikalar sonra ise hasta, istedi\u011fi konu\u015fmay\u0131 yapabilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lou Gehrig hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> olarak da bilinen ALS, v\u00fccuttaki hareketi kontrol eden sinir h\u00fccrelerini etkiliyor. Hastal\u0131k, ki\u015finin ayakta durma, y\u00fcr\u00fcme ve ellerini kullanma yetene\u011fini kademeli olarak kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Zamanla ise hastalar konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kaslar\u0131 da kaybetmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni teknoloji, fel\u00e7 veya ALS gibi n\u00f6rolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar nedeniyle konu\u015famayan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in ileti\u015fimi yeniden sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor. Cihaz, kullan\u0131c\u0131 konu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda beyin sinyallerini yorumlayabiliyor ve bunlar\u0131 bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek sesle &#8216;konu\u015fulan&#8217; metne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>UC Davis beyin cerrah\u0131 <strong>David Brandman<\/strong> yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada <em>\u201cBCI teknolojimiz fel\u00e7li bir adam\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131, aileleri ve bak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Makalemiz \u015fimdiye kadar bildirilen en do\u011fru konu\u015fma n\u00f6roprotezini (cihaz\u0131n\u0131) ortaya koydu.\u201d<\/em> dedi.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?<\/b><\/p>\n<figure> <span> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/yeni-bir-beyin-cipi-als-hastasinin-yeniden-konusmasini-sagladi-1-E9Qw7A37.jpg\"\/> <\/span> Birisi konu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yeni BCI cihaz\u0131 beyin aktivitesini bir bilgisayar ekran\u0131ndaki metne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu metin ise bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan daha sonra y\u00fcksek sesle okunuyor. Sistemi geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ekip, <strong>45 ya\u015f\u0131nda <\/strong>ALS hastas\u0131 <strong>Casey Harrell<\/strong>&#8216;i BrainGate klinik deneyine kaydettirdi. Harrell&#8217;in kollar\u0131nda ve bacaklar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck ve konu\u015fmas\u0131nda da bozukluk bulunuyordu. <\/figure>\n<p>Geli\u015ftirilen BCI cihaz\u0131 Temmuz 2023&#8217;te hastaya <strong>implante<\/strong> edildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, <strong>256 elektrottan<\/strong> olu\u015fan d\u00f6rt mikroelektrot dizisini hastan\u0131n beyninin konu\u015fmay\u0131 koordine eden b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirdi. Bu elektrotlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da beynin bu b\u00f6lgesindeki aktivite terc\u00fcme edilebiliyor. Esas\u0131nda buna benzer BCI cihazlar\u0131 \u00f6nceden de vard\u0131 ancak bunlarda s\u0131k s\u0131k kelime hatalar\u0131 oluyordu. Zira beyin sinyallerini yorumlayan makine \u00f6\u011frenimi programlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda veriye ihtiyac\u0131 bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Y\u00fcksek derecede do\u011fruluk<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ancak UC Davis Health ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli iyile\u015ftirmelerle kendi BCI cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri y\u00fczde 97 gibi bir oranda do\u011fru okumas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Dahas\u0131 ekip, Harrell&#8217;in ALS hastas\u0131 olmadan \u00f6nceki sesine benzeyen bir sesi kullanarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri seslendirdi. Bu ses ise <strong>Harrell&#8217;in ALS \u00f6ncesi ses \u00f6rnekleri \u00fczerinde yapay zeka ile e\u011fitildi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk konu\u015fma verisi e\u011fitim oturumunda, sistemin 50 kelimelik bir kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131yla <strong>y\u00fczde 99,6 kelime do\u011frulu\u011funa<\/strong> ula\u015fmas\u0131 30 dakika s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130kinci seansta, potansiyel kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n boyutu 125.000 kelimeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sadece 1,4 saatlik ek bir e\u011fitim verisiyle BCI bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletilmi\u015f kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131yla <strong>y\u00fczde 90,2 kelime<\/strong> <strong>do\u011frulu\u011fu<\/strong> elde etti. \u0130lerleyen testlerde ise y\u00fczde 97 civar\u0131nda do\u011fruluk korundu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kaynak\u00a0 :\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 249, 236); color: rgb(55, 58, 60); font-size: 14px;\">https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/yeni-bir-beyin-cipi-als-hastasinin-yeniden-konusmasini-sagladi&#8211;180790<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teknoloji, insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlama, \u015fekillendirme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme arzusunun somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f halidir. Teknoloji, do\u011fan\u0131n ham g\u00fc\u00e7lerini insan\u0131n hizmetine sunarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda insan\u0131n kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu ba\u011flamda bilim &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":82075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[3065,716,5026,3277,228],"class_list":["post-82074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-beyin","tag-dogru","tag-kelime","tag-konusma","tag-ses"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82078,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82074\/revisions\/82078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisani.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}